• br Competing interests br Authors

  2022-03-09

  

  Competing interests Authors contributions Transparency document Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may further progress to liver cirrhosis and liver carcinoma

• It is an exciting time for

  2022-03-08

  

  It is an exciting time for translational histamine research, since preclinical studies show potential value for histamine receptor ligands. As reviewed above, there are several concerns for future studies of histamine and its role in the CNS. 1) Because of the availability of HDC-Cre mice (Williams

• Bile acids are the end products

  2022-03-08

  

  Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism and have also been considered as hepatomitogens. Recently, Yap has been shown to be activated by the mevalonate pathway, which is essential for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and downstream cholesterol and bile acids (Sorrentino et al., 2014

• Materials and Methods br Results br Discussion

  2022-03-08

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion Activation of TLRs by damage-associated patterns is a well-recognized trigger for inflammation. TLR ligation results in a large increase in glycolytic metabolism in macrophages and other immune cells,12, 27 and we hypothesized that the glycolytic metab

• In three independent groups identified GPR

  2022-03-08

  

  In 2003, three independent groups identified GPR109A (HM74A) and GPR109B (HM74), two GPCRs, as the receptors for niacin., , GPR109A, which is present in all species, is a high affinity receptor for niacin., GPR109B, which is only present in human and chimpanzee, is a low affinity receptor for niacin

• Based on the precedent with other GlyT

  2022-03-08

  

  Based on the precedent with other GlyT1 inhibitors such as , we evaluated both and for their ability to enhance prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the rodent acoustic startle response, a measure of sensorimotor gating known to be deficient in schizophrenic patients., In this Prednisone study (), both

• br Materials and methods E coli strains Strains

  2022-03-08

  

  Materials and methods E. coli strains. Strains of E. coli with mutations in the lacZ gene for β-galactosidase [5] and a derivative with a knock-out mutation of the chromosomal gene for FPG produced with P1vir [6] were obtained from H. Schellhorn (McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada). Growth

• Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in

  2022-03-08

  

  Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple circuits to control various behaviors. In Drosophila photoreceptor, cathepsin inhibitor is produced de novo by histidine decarboxylase (Burg et al., 1993); meanwhile, maintaining normal histamine content also depends on the histamine recyclin

• In this study we examined whether

  2022-03-08

  

  In this study, we examined whether zebrafish ionocytes might also share other types of similarity in transport function with kidney cells. In addition to ion transport, mammalian kidney 17 aag also play key roles in xenobiotic elimination, through the action of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporte

• Results indicated that superfusion of

  2022-03-08

  

  Results indicated that superfusion of orexin alone, glutamate alone or orexin-glutamate co-administration significantly increases the spontaneous discharge rate of LC neurons in both morphine dependent and non-dependent rats (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). However, co-application of orexin and glutamate resulted

• Topotecan HCl mg Herein we report the discovery of AM

  2022-03-08

  

  Herein, we report the discovery of AM-3189 (). AM-3189 maintains the in vivo efficacy of AMG 837 while displaying a superior pharmacokinetic profile and minimal CNS exposure. As we reported previously, activity on the GPR40 receptor varies significantly with substitution at the β-carbon relative to

• The developed method was used to quantify

  2022-03-08

  

  The developed method was used to quantify RBC membrane transport of the anomers of three monofluorinated analogs of glucose in a modified medium designed to provide stable metabolic properties of the cells over the lifetime of the experiment. This allowed us to evaluate the specific interaction (spe

• In this present study the availability of

  2022-03-08

  

  In this present study, the availability of commercial GLUT and SGLT VER155008 directed against different epitopes, enabled us to screen for members of the SGLT family and compare the expression patterns of GLUTs and SGLTs in the different regions of the rat lens. Based on these regional and subcell

• br SMO antagonists pitfalls and limitations The

  2022-03-08

  

  SMO antagonists: pitfalls and limitations The first Hh inhibitor discovered was cyclopamine, a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Veratrum californicum[21], which inactivates SMO by directly binding to its hepathelical bundle. Nevertheless, cyclopamine has shown several limitations as a d

• Discrepancies in the reported results and

  2022-03-08

  

  Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from different groups regarding studies in ghrelin−/− and ghsr−/− mice are likely explained by the mixed background of the mutant mice used in the different studies [35]; although in the case of mice exposed to HFD, exposure to a HFD immediately

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