• The mechanism governing how mechanotransduction signals regu

  2023-08-08

  

  The mechanism governing how mechanotransduction signals regulate a number of genes involved in cartilage hemostasis remains unclarified. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are activated by static and dynamic compression of cartilage (31 32). c-Fos/AP-1 is downstream of the MAPK pathway

• Plant defensins Vriens et al and linear

  2023-08-08

  

  Plant defensins (Vriens et al., 2014) and linear AMPs (Domingues et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2008) have been shown to present several modes of action. Among these different mechanisms, permeabilization of the fungal membrane has been described as a secondary effect of plant defensin action (Vriens et 

• br The lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the

  2023-08-08

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous system Conclusions and future perspectives Arachidonic fdps and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their lipid metabolites, play very important roles in human health and disease. This review has outlined the functions of 12- and 15

• Recently competitive inhibitors of arginase have been develo

  2023-08-07

  

  Recently, competitive inhibitors of arginase have been developed which have greater specificity for the enzyme. Initial development of these compounds involved determination of the crystal structure of arginase. Christianson and colleagues found that a binuclear manganese cluster was required for ca

• br Acknowledgment This study was supported by

  2023-08-07

  

  Acknowledgment This study was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [grant number 15K15031]. Introduction Glioma is the leading malignancy of astrocyte origin in the brain. The most aggressive, invasive, and destructive glioma

• Various compounds have been designed to inhibit aldose reduc

  2023-08-07

  

  Various compounds have been designed to inhibit aldose reductase (AR) [12]. These compounds can be classified into two main categories, the first category comprises those containing a carboxylic Valproic acid moiety, for example, 3-thiazolidineacetic acid derivative, which has been reported to be a

• While the mechanisms by which

  2023-08-07

  

  While the mechanisms by which ALDH2 regulates cardiac responses to pathological stress remain unclear, the capillary rarefaction found in pressure-overloaded ALDH2 Tg hearts provides potential clues. Loss of capillary density and diminished endothelial function occur in pathological hypertrophy [46]

• The mechanisms that control Ahr transcription

  2023-08-07

  

  The mechanisms that control Ahr transcription are poorly understood, especially when considering cell type-specific regulation. A recent report suggested that the Ahr transcription might be directly promoted by RORγt [retinoic rilpivirine receptor (RAR)-related orphan receptor γt] based on ChIP-Seq

• Over the years measures of total antioxidant

  2023-08-07

  

  Over the years, measures of total antioxidant status (TAS) have been developed to capture the collective effect of antioxidant defense capacity, including enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems (Fraga et al., 2014, Franco et al., 2007). Multiple antioxidant enzymes, as well as antioxidant vitamins and m

• When a clinician diagnoses a person with

  2023-08-04

  

  When a clinician diagnoses a person with AD, the person is transformed into a patient with the disease. The person is a member of a patient group associated with behaviors, abilities, and experiences related both formally and informally to the diagnosis [10]. The diagnostic label implies what signs

• Human testicular peritubular cells HTPCs are also the

  2023-08-04

  

  Human testicular peritubular DCG IV (HTPCs) are also the only human testicular cell type that can be isolated, cultured and studied in vitro (Albrecht et al., 2006, Mayerhofer, 2013). Results from recent studies indicate that their roles go beyond sperm transport and include immunological functions

• Mt a known to be upregulated by ozone Inoue

  2023-08-04

  

  Mt2a, known to be upregulated by ozone (Inoue et al., 2008), was also increased in vehicle-pretreated rats exposed to ozone, however, this effect was markedly reduced by both PROP and MIFE, suggesting that the neuroendocrine response is linked to ozone-induced acute phase protein expression. In huma

• The results show that a tonic action

  2023-08-03

  

  The results show that a tonic action of ACh on respiration is lacking. However, it is clear that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms can modulate both eupneic breathing and the cough reflex. When these mechanisms are brought into action is obscure and only tentative proposals can be advanced. ACh in t

• br Conclusion The HT receptor family is complex and

  2023-08-03

  

  Conclusion The 5-HT receptor family is complex, and one may ask as does Bryan Roth et al. [205] whether this is useless neuroscience peptides (i.e. too much redundancy) or an embarrassment of the riches (i.e. many potential targets to choose from to affect normal or pathological function); molecu

• br Cytochrome b br Cytochrome P hydroxylase lyase P A

  2023-08-03

  

  Cytochrome b5 Cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450 17A1) A number of P450s involved in steroid biosynthesis are multifunctional as they carry out two or more sequential hydroxylation reactions on the same substrate(s). P450 17A1 is a dual function endoplasmic reticulum enzyme enco

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